Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is a common skin condition that can leave parents feeling concerned and children feeling uncomfortable. If your child is dealing with itchy, red, or irritated skin, you’re not alone. Many families face similar challenges, and understanding eczema is the first step toward effective care.

What Is Eczema?

Eczema is a chronic skin condition that causes inflammation, redness, and itchiness. While it can affect people of all ages, it is most common in young children. The condition often appears in patches on the face, arms, legs, or behind the knees but can occur anywhere on the body.

Eczema is not contagious, meaning it cannot spread from one person to another. Instead, it’s often linked to genetics, environmental factors, and an overactive immune response.

What Are the Symptoms of Eczema?

Eczema symptoms can vary from child to child but often include:

• Dry, scaly patches: The skin may feel rough and flaky.
• Itchiness: This is one of the most distressing symptoms, as scratching can lead to irritation and even infection.
• Red or inflamed skin: The affected areas may look red or swollen.
• Crusting or oozing: Severe eczema can cause the skin to weep or form crusty patches.
• Thickened skin: Chronic scratching can lead to thick, leathery skin over time.

What Causes Eczema?

While the exact cause of eczema isn’t fully understood, several factors are known to contribute:

1. Genetics: Children with a family history of eczema, allergies, or asthma are more likely to develop the condition.
2. Environmental triggers: Common irritants include soaps, detergents, certain fabrics, and even changes in weather.
3. Allergens: Pollen, pet dander, and certain foods can exacerbate eczema in some children.
4. Immune system response: An overactive immune system may react to irritants by causing inflammation.

How Is Eczema Diagnosed?

Eczema is usually diagnosed based on a physical examination and a discussion of your child’s symptoms. Your pediatric provider will look for the characteristic signs of eczema and may ask about:

• Family history of eczema or allergies
• Recent exposure to potential irritants
• Any noticeable triggers that worsen the condition

How Can Eczema Be Treated?

While there’s no cure for eczema, it can be effectively managed with the right treatment plan. Here are some common strategies:

1. Moisturizing the skin:
   1. Use fragrance-free, hypoallergenic moisturizers regularly to keep your child’s skin hydrated.
   1. Apply moisturizers immediately after bathing to lock in moisture.
2. Bathing routines:
   1. Limit baths to 10-15 minutes in lukewarm water.
   1. Use mild, unscented soaps or cleansers.
3. Topical treatments:
   1. Over-the-counter creams with hydrocortisone can reduce inflammation for mild eczema.
   1. Prescription creams or ointments may be needed for more severe cases.
4. Avoiding triggers:
   1. Identify and minimize exposure to known irritants and allergens.
5. Medications:
   1. In some cases, antihistamines may be recommended to reduce itching, or oral medications may be prescribed to control severe eczema.
6. Wet wraps:
   1. Wrapping affected areas with a damp cloth after applying moisturizer can provide relief and enhance treatment effectiveness.

What Can I Do to Prevent Eczema Flare-Ups?

Preventing eczema flare-ups often involves a combination of strategies:

• Create a daily skincare routine: Regular moisturizing can help prevent dry skin, which often leads to flare-ups.
• Dress your child in soft, breathable fabrics: Avoid scratchy materials like wool.
• Manage stress: Stress can be a trigger for some children, so relaxation techniques may help.
• Monitor diet: While not all children with eczema are affected by food, some may benefit from identifying and avoiding food triggers.
• Protect the skin: Use sunscreen and protective clothing to shield your child’s skin from harsh weather conditions.

When Should I See a Pediatric Provider for Eczema?

While mild cases of eczema can often be managed at home, you should consult a pediatric provider if:

• The eczema is not improving with over-the-counter treatments.
• Your child’s skin is oozing, crusting, or showing signs of infection.
• The itching is severe and affecting your child’s sleep or daily activities.
• You’re unsure how to manage your child’s condition.

How Can Pediatric Telehealth Help?

Managing eczema doesn’t always require an in-person visit. Pediatric Telehealth of Colorado offers convenient, compassionate care for families navigating this condition. Here’s how we can support you:

• Virtual Appointments: Our pediatric providers can assess your child’s symptoms, recommend treatments, and prescribe medications—all from the comfort of your home.
• Pediatric Nurse Advice Line: Not sure if your child’s symptoms require medical attention? Our experienced nurses are here to guide you and answer your questions.

Compassionate Support for Your Child’s Skin Health

Eczema can be challenging, but with the right care and support, your child’s skin can feel better, and you can find peace of mind. Contact us today to schedule a virtual appointment or to learn more about how we can help your family. Your child’s comfort and well-being are always our top priority.

Written by:

Pediatric Telehealth of Colorado Editorial Team

Medically Reviewed by:

Brooke Douglas, CPNP